Also, AI-based computer vision has been used for social distancing measures and to detect suspicious individuals. The AI applications have been seen in airports in thermal and vision imaging, and this control measure provides valuable data input for public health in identifying the possible afflicted people in crowds and detecting passengers who are not wearing masks. This method can be fully integrated into passenger data and business models ( Alawad et al., 2019).ĪI is a powerful tool, and it seems to have some useful features that could be employed in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, big data can be beneficial in terms of risk assessment, supporting the decision-makers in real time, reducing human errors, predicting hazards, and raising safety and security efficiency while also reducing the cost. Now, in the case of COVID-19, innovative digital explications may contribute to dealing with social distancing and managing stations, crowds, and train occupancy, including customer apps, smart CCTV, and the big data for safety health services ( International Union Railway-UIC, 2020). Of course, AI has already been used in many areas of the rail industry, for example, in real-time, predictive, decision support, and here, it has proved to be a powerful tool. As a response to the challenges faced, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has been suggested as one possible tool to help address the current and future situations such as a pandemic. However, due to the pandemic, train operators have faced unique difficulties in meeting these regulatory requirements ( Stephanie, 2020). According to a United Kingdom-wide survey commissioned by the Department for Transport and undertaken in May–June 2020, there has been a significant drop in traveling and a loss of confidence in traveling by train ( Marshall et al., 2020).Įven with the rail business facing this low demand, they are still required to offer services regulated by enhanced health and safety standards to protect the public, passengers, and the workforce from possible infection. Moreover, because of the COVID-19 lockdown, there have been changes in passenger behavior. Indeed, the rail industry has been severely affected ( Metropolitan Transportation Authority, 2020), as passengers tend to stay away from the trains. He is Editor in Chief of the "International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems" (IJCCBS, Inderscience Publishers).The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all global transportation systems and the rail industry has been no exception. He is also member of the European Workshop on Industrial Computer Systems Reliability, Safety and Security (EWICS TC7), FME (Formal Methods Europe), ERCIM Working Group on Formal Methods for Industrial Critical Systems (FMICS), ESRA TC on Operational Safety and Security of Interconnected Critical Infrastructures, and IEEE SMC TC on Homeland Security. He is Vice-Chair of the IEEE Computer Society Italy and partecipates to several Technical Committees, including Software Engineering and Fault Tolerant Computing. He has classified 3rd at the business-plan competition Start Cup Federico II 2008 with the project "N-Enterprise".He has served as a chairman, a member of the International Program Committee and a reviewer for several international conferences and IEEE journals. student paper" at the Dependability of Computer System Conference in 2006. He has been awarded a grant as the "Best Ph.D. He is author of more than 35 scientific papers published in international journals, book chapters and conference proceedings. His main research interests are about dependability and security of critical systems and infrastructures, including multi-paradigm modeling approaches. He has won company innovation awards in 2005 (Automatic Train Control System based on ERTMS/ETCS 元), 2007 (Subway Tunnel Protection System) and 2009 (PIEZORAIL Project). In particular, he has worked on risk assessment and design of security management systems. Since February 2007, after moving to the Innovation & Competitiveness unit, he has worked on critical infrastructure protection, transportation security and several interdisciplinary research projects. In particular, he has specialized in functional testing of critical control systems. He has been involved in several ERTMS/ETCS (European Railway Traffic Management System / European Train Control System) related projects, both for the on-board and the trackside systems. Francesco Flammini got with honours his laurea (July 2003) and doctorate (December 2006) degrees in Computer Engineering from the University Federico II of Naples.From October 2003 to January 2007, he has worked in Ansaldo STS (Finmeccanica) as a Software/RAMS Engineer in the Verification & Validation unit.
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